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道德經(老子)

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6/20/2013 12:48:52 AM

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《道德經》，原名《老子》，由戰國時期道家學派整理而成，記錄了春秋晚期思想家老子的學說。是中國古代先秦諸子分家前的一部著作，為其時諸子所共仰，是道家哲學思想的重要來源。道德經分上下兩篇，原文上篇《德經》、下篇《道經》，不分章，後改為《道經》在前，《德經》在後，並分為81章。是中國歷史上首部完整的哲學著作[2]。

《德經》在前是謂先修自身心意，後《道經》是謂以身心精進，在體悟道之所傳。

老子的價值觀由「無」、「道」、「德」三者所構成。

老子言「無」，嘗謂：「天下萬物生於有，有生於無。」當宇宙尚未形成，萬物不會存在，故稱「無」。天地初開，形成宇宙，故稱「有」。「萬物」由「有」所衍生，而「有」從「無」所衍生，天下萬物均起於「有」，而「有」又起源於「無」。

老子言「道」，嘗謂：「有物混成，先天地生，寂兮寥兮，獨立而不改，周行而不殆，可以為天下母，吾不知其名，字之曰道，強為之名曰大。」老子認為「道」是宇宙本體，乃萬物之根源，故謂：「道生一、一生二、二生三、三生萬物。」「道」生於天地萬物之先，獨立長存於萬物之外，不斷循環執行，遍及天地萬物，絕不止息。老子又認為「道」不可觸摸、莫可名狀，故謂：「無狀之狀，無物之泉。」只能用「道」來代表，亦可勉強稱為「大」。故謂：「道可道，非常道，名可名，非常名。無，名天地之始；有，名萬物之母。」意謂「道」是玄妙深奧的，常人難以理解及形容。若可用言語來描述「道」，就不是真正的「道」了。當宇宙萬物形成之際，人類會給萬物命名，但都不是事物真正的名字，因為天地萬物都是由「道」衍生出來的。人為自然萬物之一，故須遵守自然法則，故謂：「人法地，地法天，天法道，道法自然。」「道」賦予萬物生機而使各遂其生，故老子認為「道」是萬物的宗主。

回覆

.. 在6/20/2013 3:29:14 AM的回覆：
Translations

The   Tao   Te   Ching   has   been   translated   into   Western   languages

over   250   times,   mostly   to   English,   German,   and   French.[8]

According   to   Holmes   Welch,   "It   is   a   famous   puzzle   which

everyone   would   like   to   feel   he   had   solved."

Many   translations   are   written   by   people   with   a   foundation   in

Chinese   language   and   philosophy   who   are   trying   to   render   the

original   meaning   of   the   text   as   faithfully   as   possible   into   English.

Some   of   the   more   popular   translations   are   written   from   a   less

scholarly   perspective,   giving   an   individual   author's   interpretation.

Critics   of   these   versions,   such   as   Taoism   scholar   Eugene

Eoyang,   claim   that   translators   like   Stephen   Mitchell   produce

readings   of   the   Tao   Te   Ching   that   deviate   from   the   text   and   are

incompatible   with   the   history   of   Chinese   thought.[10]   Russell

Kirkland   goes   further   to   argue   that   these   versions   are   based   on

Western   Orientalist   fantasies,   and   represent   the   colonial

appropriation   of   Chinese   culture.[11][12]   In   contrast,   Huston

Smith,   scholar   of   world   religions,   said   of   the   Mitchell   version,

"This   translation   comes   as   close   to   being   definitive   for   our   time

as   any   I   can   imagine.   It   embodies   the   virtues   its   translator

credits   to   the   Chinese   original:   a   gemlike   lucidity   that   is   radiant

with   humor,   grace,   largeheartedness,   and   deep   wisdom."

—Other   Taoism   scholars,   such   as   Michael   LaFargue[13]   and

Jonathan   Herman,[14]   argue   that   while   they   are   poor

scholarship   they   meet   a   real   spiritual   need   in   the   West.   There

are   a   handful   of   sites   on   the   web   that   compare   chapters

translated   by   various   authors   such   as   TaoTeChingMe.com[15]

and   Wayist.org.

回覆	.. 在6/26/2013 4:09:18 PM的回覆：前老子時期“道”語詞的發展及哲學準備吾淳 http://www.philosophy.org.cn/Subject_info.aspx?n=20130522102711397151

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