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概率(機率)

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8/23/2013 4:59:24 AM

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機率，又稱或然率、機會率或機率、可能性，是數學機率論的基本概念，是一個在0到1之間的實數，是對隨機事件發生的可能性的度量。物理學中常稱為幾率。

Probability   (or   likelihood)   is   a   measure   or   estimation   of   how   likely   it

is   that   something   will   happen   or   that   a   statement   is   true.

Probabilities   are   given   a   value   between   0   (0%   chance   or   will   not

happen)   and   1   (100%   chance   or   will   happen).The   higher   the   degree

of   probability,   the   more   likely   the   event   is   to   happen,   or,   in   a   longer

series   of   samples,   the   greater   the   number   of   times   such   event   is

expected   to   happen.

These   concepts   have   been   given   an   axiomatic   mathematical

derivation   in   probability   theory   (see   probability   axioms),   which   is

used   widely   in   such   areas   of   study   as   mathematics,   statistics,

finance,   gambling,   science,   artificial   intelligence/machine   learning

and   philosophy   to,   for   example,   draw   inferences   about   the   expected

frequency   of   events.   Probability   theory   is   also   used   to   describe   the

underlying   mechanics   and   regularities   of   complex   systems.

回覆

.. 在8/23/2013 5:10:23 AM的回覆：
集合

（或簡稱集）是基本的數學概念，它是集合論的研究對象。最簡單的說法，即是在最原始的集合論─樸素集合論─中的定義，集合就是「一堆東西」。集合裡的「東西」，叫作元素。若然   x   是集合   A   的元素，記作   x   ∈   A。

集合是現代數學中一個重要的基本概念。集合論的基本理論直到十九世紀末才被創立，現在已經是數學教育中一個普遍存在的部分，在小學時就開始學習了。這裡對被數學家們稱為「直觀的」或「樸素的」集合論進行一個簡短而基本的介紹；更詳細的分析可見樸素集合論。對集合進行嚴格的公理推導可見公理化集合論。

In   mathematics,   a   set   is   a   collection   of   distinct   objects,   considered

as   an   object   in   its   own   right.   For   example,   the   numbers   2,   4,   and   6

are   distinct   objects   when   considered   separately,   but   when   they   are

considered   collectively   they   form   a   single   set   of   size   three,   written

{2,4,6}.   Sets   are   one   of   the   most   fundamental   concepts   in

mathematics.   Developed   at   the   end   of   the   19th   century,   set   theory

is   now   a   ubiquitous   part   of   mathematics,   and   can   be   used   as   a

foundation   from   which   nearly   all   of   mathematics   can   be   derived.   In

mathematics   education,   elementary   topics   such   as   Venn   diagrams

are   taught   at   a   young   age,   while   more   advanced   concepts   are

taught   as   part   of   a   university   degree.   The   term   itself   was   coined   by

Bolzano   in   his   work   The   Paradoxes   of   the   Infinite.

回覆

.. 在9/6/2013 4:30:44 PM的回覆：
臺大領先全球8月31日推出 Coursera新一代華語課程機率課程推出世界首創與MOOC結合多人競技線上遊戲

其中：
臺大目前已規劃數門課程，邀請本校教學深具特色，且具備網路教學經驗、教學亟富張力的老師製作課程，並將從八月底陸續上線，課程涵蓋人文、理工等方面。在八月三十一日臺大將領先全球，推出全球第一次的華語 MOOC 課程：「中國古代歷史人物 -- 秦始皇」（歷史系呂世浩老師）與「機率」（電機系葉丙成老師）。之後將有「基礎光學」（物理系朱士維老師）、「機器學習」（資工系林軒田老師）及其他課程於月後陸續上線。

http://www.ntu.edu.tw/spotlight/spotlight.htm

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